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Deep Dive / Mapping Modernity / Hierarchy

16.’Well-preserved Imperial Lands’

Map of the Greater Ottoman Empire This map of the Ottoman Empire depicts a vast empire spanning three continents, but there are some notable issues with its red outer borders: Bosnia-Herzegovina is still depicted as part of the Ottoman Empire, despite being occupied since 1878 and annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908. Bulgaria is shown as a single principality. The governor of Egypt is portrayed as a formal vassal despite actually being a rival to the sultan.